Classical groups
Finite groups
Group schemes
Topological groups
Lie groups
Super-Lie groups
Higher groups
Cohomology and Extensions
Related concepts
topology (point-set topology, point-free topology)
see also differential topology, algebraic topology, functional analysis and topological homotopy theory
Basic concepts
fiber space, space attachment
Extra stuff, structure, properties
Kolmogorov space, Hausdorff space, regular space, normal space
sequentially compact, countably compact, locally compact, sigma-compact, paracompact, countably paracompact, strongly compact
Examples
Basic statements
closed subspaces of compact Hausdorff spaces are equivalently compact subspaces
open subspaces of compact Hausdorff spaces are locally compact
compact spaces equivalently have converging subnet of every net
continuous metric space valued function on compact metric space is uniformly continuous
paracompact Hausdorff spaces equivalently admit subordinate partitions of unity
injective proper maps to locally compact spaces are equivalently the closed embeddings
locally compact and second-countable spaces are sigma-compact
Theorems
Analysis Theorems
For a topological group a compact subgroup is a topological subgroup which is a compact group.
A compact subgroup is called maximal compact if it is not properly contained in another compact subgroup of .
If is a Lie group, it is unique up to conjugation. In a -adic group, there may be finitely many conjugacy classes of maximal compact subgroups.
A locally compact topological group is called almost connected if the quotient topological space (of by the connected component of the neutral element) is compact.
See for instance (Hofmann-Morris, def. 4.24).
Every compact and every connected topological group is almost connected.
Also every quotient of an almost connected group is almost connected.
Let be a locally compact almost connected topological group.
Then
has a maximal compact subgroup ;
the coset space is homeomorphic to a Euclidean space.
This is due to (Malcev) and (Iwasawa). See for instance (Stroppel, theorem 32.5).
Let be a locally compact almost connected Lie group.
Then a compact subgroup is maximal compact precisely if the coset space is contractible
(in which case, due to theorem , it is necessarily homeomorphic to a Euclidean space).
This is (Antonyan, theorem 1.2).
In particular, in the above situation the subgroup inclusion
is a homotopy equivalence of topological spaces.
The following table lists some Lie groups and their maximal compact Lie subgroups (e.g. Conrad). See also compact Lie group.
Lie group | maximal compact subgroup |
---|---|
real general linear group | orthogonal group |
its connected component | special orthogonal group |
complex general linear group | unitary group |
complex special linear group | special unitary group |
symplectic group | unitary group |
complex symplectic group? | compact symplectic group |
Narain group | direct product group of two orthogonal groups |
unitary group | |
special Lorentz/AdS etc. group | |
Lorentz / AdS pin group |
The following table lists specifically the maximal compact subgroups of the “-series” of Lie groups culminating in the exceptional Lie groups .
real form | maximal compact subgroup | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 4 | 3 | ||
3 | 11 | 7 | ||
4 | 24 | 14 | ||
5 | 45 | 25 | ||
6 | E6(6) | 78 | 42 | |
7 | E7(7) | 133 | 70 | |
8 | E8(8) | 248 | 128 |
A maximal compact subgroup may not exist at all without the almost connectedness assumption. An example is the Prüfer group endowed with the discrete (-dimensional) smooth structure. This is a union of an increasing sequence of finite cyclic groups, each obviously compact.
Textbooks accounts:
M. Stroppel, Locally compact groups, European Math. Soc., (2006)
Karl Hofmann, Sidney Morris, The Lie theory of connected pro-Lie groups, Tracts in Mathematics 2, European Mathematical Society, (2000)
See also
Original articles:
A. Malcev, On the theory of the Lie groups in the large, Mat.Sbornik N.S. vol. 16 (1945) pp. 163-189
K. Iwasawa, On some types of topological groups, Ann. of Math. vol.50 (1949) pp. 507-558.
M. Peyrovian, Maximal compact normal subgroups, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 99, No. 2, (1987) (jstor:pss/2046647)
Karl Heinrich Hofmann, Christian Terp, Compact Subgroups of Lie Groups and Locally Compact Groups, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society Vol. 120, No. 2 (Feb., 1994), pp. 623-634 (jstor:2159906, doi:10.2307/2159906)
Sergey A. Antonyan, Characterizing maximal compact subgroups (arXiv:1104.1820v1)
The maximal compact subgroups inside the (indefinite) rotation groups
Last revised on March 13, 2023 at 21:31:54. See the history of this page for a list of all contributions to it.